SELECT 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id, 
  GROUP_CONCAT(
    IF(
      cscart_products_categories.link_type = "M", 
      CONCAT(
        cscart_products_categories.category_id, 
        "M"
      ), 
      cscart_products_categories.category_id
    )
  ) AS category_ids 
FROM 
  cscart_products_categories 
  INNER JOIN cscart_categories ON cscart_categories.category_id = cscart_products_categories.category_id 
  AND cscart_categories.storefront_id IN (0, 1) 
  AND (
    cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      0, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    ) 
    OR FIND_IN_SET(
      1, cscart_categories.usergroup_ids
    )
  ) 
  AND cscart_categories.status IN ('A', 'H') 
WHERE 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id IN (
    95, 101, 103, 92, 86, 87, 85, 89, 91, 90, 
    97, 98, 99, 100, 104, 105
  ) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_products_categories.product_id

Query time 0.00011

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_products_categories.product_id",
      "temporary_table": {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "c_status", "p_category_id"],
          "rows": 9,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.storefront_id in (0,1) and (cscart_categories.usergroup_ids = '' or find_in_set(0,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids) or find_in_set(1,cscart_categories.usergroup_ids)) and cscart_categories.`status` in ('A','H')"
        },
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_products_categories",
          "access_type": "ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pt"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
          "ref": ["chevnudb1.cscart_categories.category_id"],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 17.46987915,
          "index_condition": "cscart_products_categories.product_id in (95,101,103,92,86,87,85,89,91,90,97,98,99,100,104,105)"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id category_ids
85 10,7,4,9M
86 10,4,9M
87 4,9M
89 10,9M
90 9M,10
91 9M,10
92 9M,10,4
95 4,9M,10
97 10,9M
98 4,10,9M
99 9M,10
100 9M,10
101 9M,10
103 9M,10
104 9M
105 10,9M